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Talkin' PSUs |
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Graham Slee
Admin Group Retired Joined: 11 Jan 2008 Location: South Yorkshire Status: Offline Points: 16298 |
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Posted: 25 Oct 2020 at 8:59am |
Talkin' PSUs
A PSU1 in kit form has long been hinted at, but the responsibilities I'd have to take for your safety are too much. Therefore, I thought it best to suggest a circuit, and then it's your responsibility to ensure your own safety, should you wish to build it. The circuit shown here is not the PSU1, although it has similarities. I have assumed the reader has sufficient know-how to understand it. This topic is meant to be educational rather than a DIY project and can cover as many aspects of power supply design as you want. |
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Sylvain
Senior Member Joined: 18 Jan 2010 Status: Offline Points: 481 |
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A little elaboration of the design diagram, the transformer, current regulation and output in the light of the 5v DC design experience now under DAK shop, would be gratefully appreciated, please.
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Ashleip
New Member Joined: 08 Jan 2021 Status: Offline Points: 23 |
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Sorry this is probably a basic question....
From memory, output transformer winding configuration (+ to +, - to -) gives an output voltage of 20v. Although does the voltage regulator not need Vin > Vout to supply the 24v? If my memory is wrong and the wiring of the output windings gives 40V, why is Vin chosen to be the maximum rated voltage for the 7824 when the data sheet suggests stable 24v Vout from Vin between 27 and 37V? Thanks!
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Graham Slee
Admin Group Retired Joined: 11 Jan 2008 Location: South Yorkshire Status: Offline Points: 16298 |
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Ratio of RMS to V peak?
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That none should be able to buy or sell without a smartphone and the knowledge in how to use apps
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Graham Slee
Admin Group Retired Joined: 11 Jan 2008 Location: South Yorkshire Status: Offline Points: 16298 |
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Now I have an audience of two; I'd best start to flesh out this design.
Painting by numbers never turns out well - you need to become your artist. It is better to have somebody teach - even a crappy teacher like me - so you gain the power to make your power supply. The above circuit works, but only just, providing the nominal values apply. It will work better on a British mains supply (which are not just exclusive to Britain) and probably really badly on a European mains supply. Ashley points out the voltage regulator drop-out voltage, it needs =/>26 volts DC to function, but he didn't change AC to DC. The current from the 20V AC EMF charges C1 via a diode on either end. The datasheet says they drop 0.65 volts each. Think of it as an entry fee. The capacitor receives the voltage after a 2 x 0.65-volt discount. That's even worse; we're now down 1.3V to 18.7V - this will never work - he wants >26V, but he's only got 18.7! That's right, I only have 18.7 volts, but that's AC; it's rated in RMS (should be lower case, by the way). The RMS is the root mean square, which involves the inverse of the square root of 2. A given peak voltage is multiplied by the inverse of the square root of 2 to show its RMS value, provided it's of a sinusoidal shape. The inverse of the square root of 2 is approx. 0.707, but we don't know the peak. We only have the RMS, so we need the inverse of 0.707 to multiply the RMS. 1/0.707 = 1.414, and so 18.7V RMS becomes 26.44 volts peak. 26.44V being >26V, we're good to go. The output voltage is a nice steady, regulated 24V, but at what current? C1 stores charge, but how much can it give up before its voltage drops below 26V? It can give up 0.44V. So what is the current we can take out before that 0.44V is used up? To help us here, we need a formula, and the charge (Q) formula is Q = CV (capacitance times voltage), but we need to relate it to current (I) and the charging rate of the rectified AC (T). I will not bore you with proof of how I and T are derived, except to state what might be evident that Q = IT (current by time, current x time), and if Q also = CV, then CV = IT. We want to know how much current (I) we can use before the 7824 regulator ducks out between rectifier peaks. If CV = IT, then CV/T = I (by dividing both sides by T to leave I). We know the capacitance of C1, which in Farads is 0.0047. We know the 50Hz half cycle timing, which is 1/100, or 0.01, and we have 0.44V to throw away. So I = 0.0047 x 0.44 / 0.01 = 0.2068 A, which is near enough 200mA. I think that's enough for a first lesson. |
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That none should be able to buy or sell without a smartphone and the knowledge in how to use apps
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Sylvain
Senior Member Joined: 18 Jan 2010 Status: Offline Points: 481 |
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Truly appreciate your guidance but between the mathematics and formulas and technical expressions ...
i value the information but this spectator audience is a mere mortal.......and I chose to paint by numbers at least I have something at the end ....
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Ashleip
New Member Joined: 08 Jan 2021 Status: Offline Points: 23 |
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Doh! What a schoolboy mistake forgetting to convert from rms to peak.
Thanks Graham - great way to learn by going through like this, rather than painting by numbers where you can take what you learn and apply it to other uses. So... let's say for example you wanted to increase the potential current capacity of the power supply to 1A, based on I=CV/T you have two options, increase the transformer voltage or increase the capacitance. As both C and V are proportional to I, if we want 1A, approx 5x 200mA, we need either 5x 4700uF or 5x 0.44V. I'm assuming the latter is preferable (as 23000uF seems quite large!) so you would want to swap the 20V transformer for a 22V unit, which will give us a 3.3V over the required 26V, and therefore I=1.5A?
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